Mine and Mind

Role Of Government In Developing Entrepreneurs

ENTREPRENEUR

An Entrepreneur is an individual who efficiently and effectively combines the four factors of production. Those factors are land (natural resources), labor (human input into production using available resources), capital (any type of equipment used in production i.e. machinery) and Enterprise (intelligence, knowledge, and creativity.)

Entrepreneurship is often difficult and tricky, as many new ventures fail. is often . Most commonly, the term entrepreneur applies to someone who creates value by offering a product or service. Entrepreneurs often have strong beliefs about a market opportunity and organize their resources effectively to accomplish an outcome that changes existing interactions.

Business entrepreneurs are viewed as fundamentally important in the capitalistic society. Some distinguish business entrepreneurs as either “political entrepreneurs” or “market entrepreneurs,” while social entrepreneurs’ principal objectives include the creation of a social and/or environmental benefit.

The Enterprise can be set up in a designated industrial areas, where infrastructure facilities are available and is near to the market identified. It can also be set up in any other area depending upon nature of activity and local municipal rules.

Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new organizations or revitalizing mature organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified opportunities. Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a vast majority of new businesses fail. Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type of organization that is being started. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects (even involving the entrepreneur only part-time) to major undertakings creating many job opportunities. Many “high-profile” entrepreneurial ventures seek venture capital or angel funding in order to raise capital to build the business. Angel investors generally seek returns of 20-30% and more extensive involvement in the business. Many kinds of organizations now exist to support would-be entrepreneurs, including specialized government agencies, business incubators, science parks, and some NGOs.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR

Entrepreneurs have many of the same character traits as leaders, similar to the early great man theories of leadership; Entrepreneurs are often contrasted with managers and administrators who are said to be more methodical and less prone to risk-taking. Such person-centric models of entrepreneurship have shown to be of questionable validity, not least as many real-life entrepreneurs operate in teams rather than as single individuals

• The Entrepreneur has an enthusiastic vision.
• The Entrepreneur’s vision is an interlocked collection of specific ideas.
• The overall blueprint to realize the vision is clear.
• The Entrepreneur promotes the vision with enthusiastic passion.
• The Entrepreneur develops strategies to change the vision into reality.
• The Entrepreneur takes the initial responsibility to cause a vision to become a success.
• Entrepreneurs take prudent risks.
• An Entrepreneur is usually a positive thinker and a decision maker.

ADVANTAGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Every successful entrepreneur brings about benefits not only for himself/ herself but for the municipality, region or country as a whole. The benefits that can be derived from entrepreneurial activities are as follows:

1. Enormous personal financial gain.
2. Self-employment, offering more job satisfaction and flexibility of the work force.
3. Development of more industries, especially in rural areas or regions disadvantaged by economic changes, for example due to globalization effects.
4. Encouragement of the processing of local materials into finished goods for domestic consumption as well as for export.
5. Income generation and increased economic growth.
6. Promotion of the use of modern technology in small-scale manufacturing to enhance higher productivity.
7. Encouragement of more researches/ studies and development of modern machines and equipment for domestic consumption.
8. Development of entrepreneurial qualities and attitudes among potential entrepreneurs to bring about significant changes in the rural areas.
9. Freedom from the dependency on the jobs offered by others.
10. The ability to have great accomplishments.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS

1) Develop new markets.

Under the modern concept of marketing, markets are people who are willing and able to satisfy their needs. In Economics, this is called effective demand. Entrepreneurs are resourceful and creative. They can create customers or buyers. This makes entrepreneurs different from ordinary businessmen who only perform traditional functions of management like planning, organization, and coordination.

2) Discover New Sources Of Materials.

Entrepreneurs are never satisfied with traditional or existing sources of materials. Due to their innovative nature, they persist on discovering new sources of materials to improve their enterprises. In business, those who can develop new sources of materials enjoy a comparative advantage in terms of supply, cost and quality.

3) Mobilize Capital Resources.

Entrepreneurs are the organizers and coordinators of the major factors of production, such as land labor and capital. They properly mix these factors of production to create goods and service. Capital resources, from a layman’s view, refer to money. However, in economics, capital resources represent machines, buildings, and other physical productive resources. Entrepreneurs have initiative and self-confidence in accumulating and mobilizing capital resources for new business or business expansion.

4) Introduce new technologies.

Aside from being innovators and reasonable risk-takers, entrepreneurs take advantage of business opportunities, and transform these into profits. So, they introduce something new or something different. Such entrepreneurial spirit has greatly contributed to the modernization of economies. Every year, there are new technologies and new products. All of these are intended to satisfy human needs in a more convenient and pleasant way.

5)  Create Employment.

The biggest employer is the private business sector. Millions of jobs are provided by the factories, service industries, agricultural enterprises, and the numerous small-scale businesses.

PROMOTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Entrepreneurship  was potential to support economic growth and social cohesion, it is the policy goal of many governments to develop a culture of entrepreneurial thinking. This can be done in a number of ways: by integrating entrepreneurship into education systems, legislating to encourage risk-taking, and national campaigns

Many of these initiatives have been brought together under the umbrella of Global Entrepreneurship Week, a worldwide celebration and promotion of youth entrepreneurship, which started in 2008.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

Financial assistance is available from institutions such as Nationalised Banks, Small Industries Development Bank of India, Regional Rural Banks, National Small Industries Corporation, State Financial Corporations etc. depending upon the project requirement and promoters background. Financial assistance has two components. Loan for fixed capital is used to acquire Plant and Machinery, land and building. Working capital loan is used to meet day to day operational cost of the production. State Financial Corporation and National Small Industries Corporation generally provide working capital. However under a package assistance, State Financial Corporations also provide a composite loan covering plant and machinery and working capital.

The general conditions for getting financial assistance are:

• Eligibility criteria
• Technical /Economic viability
• Promoters contribution
• Capacity to repay loan
• Collateral securities/guarantee

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in market economies are the engine of economic development. Owing to their private ownership, entrepreneurial spirit, their flexibility and adaptability as well as their potential to react to challenges and changing environments, SMEs contribute to sustainable growth and employment generation in a significant manner.

SMEs have strategic importance for each national economy due a wide range of reasons. Logically, the government shows such an interest in supporting entrepreneurship and SMEs. There is no simpler way to create new job positions, increasing GDP and rising standard of population than supporting entrepreneurship and encouraging and supporting people who dare to start their own business. Every surviving and successful business means new jobs and growth of GDP.

Therefore, designing a comprehensive, coherent and consistent approach of Council of Ministers and entity governments to entrepreneurship and SMEs in the form of government support strategy to entrepreneurship and SMEs is an absolute priority. A comprehensive government approach to entrepreneurship and SMEs would provide for a full coordination of activities of numerous governmental institutions (chambers of commerce, employment bureaus, etc.) and NGOs dealing with entrepreneurship and SMEs.  With no pretension of defining the role of government in supporting entrepreneurship and SMEs, we believe that apart from designing a comprehensive entrepreneurship and SMEs strategy, the development of national SME support institutions and networks is one of key condition for success. There are no doubts that governments should create different types of support institutions:

i)                    To provide information on regulations, standards, taxation, customs duties, marketing issues;

ii)                   To advise on business planning, marketing and accountancy, quality control and assurance;

iii)                 To create incubator units providing the space and infrastructure for business beginners and innovative companies, and helping them to solve technological problems, and to search for know-how and promote innovation; and

iv)                 To help in looking for partners. In order to stimulate entrepreneurship and improve the business environment for small enterprises.

Training

Basic training differs from product to product but will necessary involve sharpening of entrepreneurial skills. Need based technical training is provided by the Govt. & State Govt. technical Institutions.

There are a number of Government organisations as well as NGOs who conduct EDPs and MDPs. These EDPs and MDPs and are conducted by MSME’s, NIESBUD, NSIC, IIE, NISIET, Entrepreneurship Development Institutes and other state government developmental agencies.

Marketing Assistance

There are Governmental and non-governmental specialised agencies which provide marketing assistance. Besides promotion of MSME products through exhibitions, NSIC directly market the MSME produce in the domestic and overseas market. NSIC also manages a single point registration scheme for manufacturers for Govt. purchase. Units registered under this scheme get the benefits of free tender documents and exemption from earnest money deposit and performance guarantee.

Promotional Schemes

Government accords the highest preference to development of MSME by framing and implementing suitable policies and promotional schemes. Besides providing developed land and sheds to the entrepreneurs on actual cost basis with appropriate infrastructure, special schemes have been designed for specific purposes like quality upgradation, common facilities, entrepreneurship development and consultancy services at nominal charges.

Government of India has been executing the incentive scheme for providing reimbursement of charges for acquiring ISO 9000 certification to the extent of 75% of the cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 75,000/- in each case. ISO 9000 is a mechanism to facilitate adoption of consistent management practices and production technique as decided by the entrepreneur himself. This facilitates achievement of desired level of quality while keeping check on production process and management of the enterprise.

Concession on Excise Duty

MSME units with a turnover of Rs. 1 crore or less per year have been exempted from payment of Excise Duty. Moreover there is a general scheme of excise exemption for MSME brought out by the Ministry of Finance which covers most of the items. Under this, units having turnover of less than Rs. 3 crores are eligible for concessional rate of Excise Duty. Moreover, there is an exemption from Excise Duty for MSME units producing branded goods in rural areas

Credit Facility To MSME

Credit to micro, small and medium scale sector has been covered under priority sector lending by banks. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has been established as the apex institution for financing the MSME. Specific schemes have been designed for implementation through SIDBI, SFCs, Scheduled Banks, SIDCs and NSIC etc. Loans upto Rs. 5 lakhs are made available by the banks without insisting on collaterals. Further Credit Guarantee Fund for micro, small and medium enterprises has been set up to provide guarantee for loans to MSME up to Rs. 25 lakhs extended by Commercial Banks and some Regional Rural Bank.

Policies And Schemes For Promotion Of MSME Implemented By State Governments

All the State Governments provide technical and other support services to small units through their Directorates of Industries, and District Industries Centres. Although the details of the scheme vary from state to state, the following are the common areas of support.

1. Development and management of industrial estates
2. Suspension/deferment of Sales Tax
3. Power subsidies
4. Capital investment subsidies for new units set up in a particular district
5. Seed Capital/Margin Money Assistance Scheme
6. Priority in allotment of power connection, water connection.
7. Consultancy and technical support

Government of India runs a scheme for giving National Awards to micro, small and medium scale entrepreneurs providing quality products in 11 selected industry groups of consumer interest. The winners are given trophy, certificate and a cash price of Rs. 25000/- each.

CONCLUSION

Government accords the highest preference to development of MSME by framing and implementing suitable policies and promotional schemes like policies and promotional schemes, providing incentives for quality upgradation, concession on excise duty and provides technical supportive services. Thus Government play supportive role in developing entrepreneurs.

R.Yuvarani

M.Phil Scholar

Department of Commerce,

Periyar University, Salem-11.

A GUIDE TO MORDERN DAY BRITAIN.

2009, The year this is being written ,although the year is irrelevent as not much has actualy changed , perhaps fashion and music but the idealistic views of the
Bristish people have always remained the same, Get up early , work hard , come home and get drunk. Maybe not everyone shares the same views but all and
all the idea is pretty much the same.

The Bristish people are never happy unless they are complaining about some irrelevant social crisis attacking our grey water soacked streets.
Nowadays we hear of nothing else exept the youth carrying bladed weapons like some kind of hooded samurai ninja troop slithering our street
in search of the most vurnarable people around.
Imagine, an entire nation of moralless bastar*s. Our politicians the f*cking nazi weasels steal as much from the average Bristish taxpayer
as your normal god fearing junkie. Our young women are apperantly all sluts , now dont judge me on saying that as you may have observed that the majority
are pregnant. Young men joining gangs , old men complaining about some bullsh*t that none of us can make sense of as they are always drunk, Im possitive
theyre saying something important , perhaps they can see the future and are warning us about some kind of massive uprising of mutants in the sewer system
but of course we will never know.

Now the influx of drugs is apperently a massive social ass rape to the people of the united kingdom. Now some drugs i can understand such close mindedness,perhaps herion or crystal meth , but the constant complaining of marijuana doesnt make a lick of sense,These stoners lie around talking
complete and utter sh*t for hours not hurting a soul.Should it be legalized ?. Well its not up too me but in my opinian it doesnt make a difference
the bast*rds at the houses of parliment wil only go about outlawing some other thing that could maybe ..just maybe put a smile on our faces.

Ive just realized ive covered pretty much everything, this does not bode well, writing a book is alot harder than i thought. But i wont give up
its ok reader wipe the trickling drop of sweat from your brow there will be more pointless rambling and perhaps an answer to all our problems..
wait and see because even i dont know where this is going anymore. I feel like an eskimo tring to attach a solar powered reciever to an iglu.

Well I lost my job on sunday , now perhaps its my fault or perhaps the f*ckers in that souless building had it in for me. But it doesnt matter
Instead of of being a boring f*cking b*stard i went to a beach. Great fun by the way you should try it. Very rarely do we get good weather so we should
take advantage of such a blessing from the sky it almost seems un british to work at a time like that.But as ive been lead to believe that only my opinion.

Now the only place of solice any of us can hope to stumble into is indeed the pub. What an idea Lots of drink , women and drunk women. But yet again
the goverment got us. They royaly f*cked every hedonist such as myself. The prices yet again are going up and up until only they can afford to get
the drink and drugs and really really steaming girls to themselves. Thats right you scurvy sheister b*stards im on to you. Those are our places back the f*ck
off.

Now i may be a deeply pessimistic person but atleast i can look on the bright side.

So were both on the same page this book is the most fact based and least accurate account of britian. Then again i dont see you writing a book so cut me some slack.

Many experiences ive had on the streets of this country. Many unexplainable, and far too many resulting in not remebering a f*cking thing in the morning
But of course that also has its good side, my constant hassling of women and my unsatiable need for alchahol and tobacco lead to many embarassing moments which go best forgotted at least by me. The police of course always write down the name at the end of the night. Well my alter ego,Terry Blake
My alias for meeting women and working up a massive tab in a bar and running like a cheetah being chased by a hungry gordon brown.
The weekend of the British people at least the hard working or those of us who have chosen benifits are always the same. We go out wearing clothes we think make us cool as f*ck , consume vast quantities of alchohol and try find a women slighty drunker than we are. Or the alternative , find at least one well liked person and hook to them like fish under a shark looking for some partys in an attempt to meet women or even if your one of the lucky ones consume all the alchohol and drugs and even there ciggerettes before they catch your name, just enough time to run out the door in a fit of giggles at your small victory.

Now today i have an appointment , After loosing my job i must yet again sign on to recieve job seekers allowance.As Soon as you walk in the door you instantly realize that these people are the enemy, they want nothing more than to see you out on the streets without a penny to your name. It took me a few trips to realize the extent of contempt these people have with us , the unfortunate indiviaduals who either dont want a job,cant find a job or the unluckiest ones such as myself who cant seem to keep a job longer than a few weeks. The b*stards in there watch your every move like trainee psychological profilers on some strange acid trip, the way the take every word you say as a lie as if the paranoia stage has slowly crept into there ugly psyche’s. But then again another theory that recently hit me was what if they were being such horrible f*ckers because they knew you wouldnt want to go back , using reverse psychology to make you get a job.

There is mass unemployment there can be no hiding that anymore.But thank god that every other country is suffering aswell , atleast that way we can try and avoid blame and pass the buck to a more likely culprit.
But that is unfortunaly the least of our troubles, we are at WAR. Never will we see peace in our short panic fuelled lives. Maybe this is a drunk ,paraniod and perhaps utterly ridicuolas statement but i find it highly conveiniant that in a time where we need as many troops as possible theres suddenly a reccesion forcing young men to sign there lives away and join the army. If thats the case were all acting like midgets in costumes taking the place of an ill monkey in some weird animal circus show. Now war is something ive never really understood , is it really for oil or some christian jihaad againts what we call terror? Or are countrys such as britain and america just stepping in showing our power to the smaller and strangely hotter and sandier countrys?. Why cant everyone get along? Well its not our fault, dont feel bad reader no one is blaming you. Its yet again the politicains getting greedier and greedier. Maybe gimp costumes are becoming very scarce through lack of demand and the s*it faced racoon rapers at parliment are having to pay ridicoulus prices to carry out there incrediably depraved sex games. One day us the british people, will catch you doing it , and ooooohhh you will be so emmbarased. Infact reader i can guerentee you it will be funnier to watch than a white women with terrible tourettes walking through certain areas of south africa. Not that im racist of course but the men there will probably beat her into submission and gang f*ck her. Infact now that i think of it thats maybe a little funnier than the parliment sex thing i was talking about a minute ago.

To come to a conclussion like many hippies at the end of the sixties famously said ” We F*cked It” Any Chance of a peacfull existance is over. What can we do you ask? Well There isnt much.
but im going to carry on with my idea. Drink that much alchohol you no longer care. Not in any kind of depressed or pessimistic way, but in a cheer fuelled binge. I know it annoys the big man at downing street and i know they want us to stop. But if we pi*s them of enough maybe they will….f*ck off and maybe even..join us .

. . . that originality seems to have been lost. Not only in Hollywood, hence the remakes of so many older films or the transformation of an old cartoon or sitcom into a major motion picture. But, it appears that originality and  creativity is lost in the average life of every individual on the planet, these days.

I’ve noticed, over the years, that just about everything we do in life has become a rerun of something someone else has done before us. Are we copycats? I doubt it. However I am becoming increasingly alarmed about the lack of creativity we posess as we get older in life. Why is this? Is there some sort of conspiracy theory about this inability to create new ideas, to go “where no man has gone before”?

I’ve heard it said before that the governments in power are created to strip us of our individuality. Not that it is our intention that this happen (as in the case of Americans, we determine those that serve in government). But the collective mindset of government is to devide, conquer and control, is it not?

Dictionary.com defines government as the political direction and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states; direction of the affairs of a state, community, etc.; political administration: Government is necessary to the existence of civilized society.

The keyword in the above definition would be political. However, that definition no longer applies to only the political direction. It applies to everything we do, think or breathe. It is a controlled exercise of a power to stifle the common individuality of a person. To bring the community to pre-determined set of standards and aspirations.

If we are not able to expand our aspirations, to examine both higher and lower standards, then how are we to grow as a people . . . as a species? And, what about these standards? Government has set them, not based on freedom, but instead on the collective agenda’s of those who supposedly serve us.

The removal of prayer in the American school system (by the judicial branch of government) was but one such act of government to stifle our individuality, purportedly to create a seperation of church and state. To our discredit, the judicial branch of our government chose to take the context of the words that were not included in the U.S. Constitution, but in a letter regarding the creation of the constitution, and use it as a form of control for the sake of a governmental agenda.

Other examples of government intervention that creates control, thus eventually stifling our individual growth as a people will be forth-coming in future posts here. Your comments and ideas are quite welcome here. After all, this is about our creative thought process and it’s apparent demise.

What do you think?

The general election of the presidency is proceeding intensively. And after a intensive competition the candidate of the Democratic Party of the United States Barack Obama and the candidate of the republican party John Mc Cain have the great hope to win the general election to become the new president of the United states. And the public opinion keep an eye on the candidate of the Democratic Party  Barack Obama. If he can finally heading to White House successfully, he will be the first Africa American president in the history of the United States.

I once attend one of  Barack Obama’s lecture. He didm’t wear a suit and leather shoes instead he only weard a Nike sportwear and sneaker. And he looks like very Approachable, not looks like other politicians.I learned later that online shopping is one of his biggest hobbies. And he didn’t like to live in a luxury life. Rolex company once suggested to design a special watch for him.But he only bought a  common watch from http://www.watchinstyle.com. And he also bought chothers and shoes from some small online shopping store such as  http://www.easyforbuy.com just like a common American. But his powerfull lecture really impressed me.

Barack Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4th, 1961. His father, Barack Obama Sr., was born and raised in a small village in Kenya, where he grew up herding goats with his own father, who was a domestic servant to the British.
Barack’s father eventually returned to Kenya, and Barack grew up with his mother in Hawaii, and for a few years in Indonesia. Later, he moved to New York, where he graduated from Columbia University in 1983.

He went on to earn his law degree from Harvard in 1991, where he became the first African-American president of the Harvard Law Review. Soon after, he returned to Chicago to practice as a civil rights lawyer and teach constitutional law. Finally, his advocacy work led him to run for the Illinois State Senate, where he served for eight years. In 2004, he became the third African American since Reconstruction to be elected to the U.S. Senate.

No matter Barack Obama or John Mc Cain win the general election the the New Deal will be brought into effect.And the policy of Bush Goerment will be abandoned totally. The candidate of the Democratic Party  Barack Obama claimeed that in order to regain the confidence of the money market, the raform of the supervise to the Wall Street is necessary and very important.He said that he will make related plans if he can heading to White House.

And the policy to China will be one of the most important things. Both  Barack Obama and John Mc Cain appealed that both China and America should  strength cooperation between removal of barrier to trade,to answer global warming,improvement of military communication,nonproliferation and so on. The new policy will befinit both China and American.

Compare to the policy if the new goverment and the Bush Goverment who antagonize everywhere?and make  the American be immersed in the war of Iraq and was throw stones by many people. The new goverment focus on the reform of economic and friendly diplomatism. And most Anericans expectec that this new goverment’s New Deal will be as effective as the Roosevelt government’s new deal to pull the United States out of the g economic depression.